Grammar of spoken and written English
The “Grammar of Spoken and Written English” is a comprehensive and influential book written by Douglas Biber, Susan Conrad, and Geoffrey Leech, published in 2002.
The book is a result of years of research and analysis of a vast corpus of language data, which includes both written and spoken texts.
The authors aim to provide a systematic analysis of the grammar of English, covering both the spoken and written language, and exploring how grammar varies in different contexts.
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The book is organized into six parts, each covering a different aspect of grammar.
The first part provides an introduction to the book and outlines the goals and methods used in the analysis.
The second part discusses the characteristics of spoken language, including the differences between spoken and written language, the structure of conversation, and the role of grammar in conversation.
The third part covers the characteristics of written language, including the structure of different types of texts, the use of punctuation, and the role of grammar in writing.
The fourth part of the book focuses on grammatical structures, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and prepositions, and explores how these structures are used in both spoken and written language.
The authors analyze the frequency of different grammatical structures in different contexts, such as academic writing, conversation, and fiction, and compare the use of these structures in different varieties of English.
The fifth part of the book examines grammatical functions, such as subject-verb agreement, tense and aspect, and modality, and explores how these functions are realized in both spoken and written language.
The authors analyze the patterns of use of these functions in different contexts, and compare the use of these functions in different varieties of English.
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The final part of the book discusses the implications of the findings for language teaching and learning.
The authors argue that an understanding of the grammar of spoken and written English is essential for effective language teaching, and that language learners should be exposed to a range of authentic texts to develop their understanding of grammar in context.
One of the strengths of the “Grammar of Spoken and Written English” is its use of a large corpus of language data to support its analysis.
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The authors analyze millions of words of spoken and written English, including academic writing, fiction, newspapers, and conversation, to provide a comprehensive picture of how grammar is used in different contexts.
This approach enables the authors to make generalizations about the grammar of English that are based on empirical evidence, rather than on personal intuition or anecdotal evidence.
Another strength of the book is its focus on variation in grammar. The authors recognize that grammar varies in different contexts, and that different varieties of English may have different grammar rules.
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For example, the grammar of academic writing may be different from the grammar of conversation, and the grammar of British English may be different from the grammar of American English.
By exploring variation in grammar, the authors provide a more nuanced understanding of the grammar of English that takes into account the complexity and diversity of the language.
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The “Grammar of Spoken and Written English” is an important book for anyone interested in the grammar of English.
It provides a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the grammar of spoken and written English, based on empirical evidence from a large corpus of language data.
Grammar of spoken and written English 
The book is also valuable for language teachers and learners, as it provides insights into how grammar is used in different contexts and how it can be taught effectively.
Overall, the “Grammar of Spoken and Written English” is a seminal work in the field of English language grammar, and its insights continue to be relevant and influential today.
